The best treatment for Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancers) | 1+1> 487% | Effectively improve chemotherapy effect, treatment and immunity | Reduce side effects and recurrence | Combination Therapy | Overview/Relationship/Abstract/Role/Principle/Action/Mechanism/Function/Work | Solamargine vs Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancers)
Abstract / Summary / Overview of Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancers)
Abstract / Summary / Overview of Apoptosis
Role, Principle, Action, Mechanism, Function, Work of Solamargine
The best treatment for Cholangiocarcinoma
1. Solamargine derived from Solanum nigrum induces apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells.
The best treatment for Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancers) | 1+1> 487% | Effectively improve chemotherapy effect, treatment and immunity | Reduce side effects and recurrence | Combination Therapy | Overview/Relationship/Abstract/Role/Principle/Action/Mechanism/Function/Work | Solamargine vs Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancers)
Abstract / Summary / Overview of Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancers)
Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor that originates from the epithelial cells of the bile duct system.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively rare form of gastroenterological cancer.
Cholangiocarcinoma divided into intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal bile duct cancer.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a heterogeneous group.
Cholangiocarcinoma has presented difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.
Overall, cholangiocarcinomas have a very poor prognosis.
Although the development of surgical techniques and novel drugs is progressing, the 5-year survival rate remains approximately 5%~10%.
Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy remain the three main traditional tumor therapy methods.
A major challenge in treating Cholangiocarcinoma is the poor prognosis for advanced and recurrent cases.
Although chemotherapy is the main approach used to treat advanced and recurrent cancer cases, its clinical performance is largely limited by various factors such as a relatively low response rate, drug resistance, and various adverse effects that substantially impact the quality of life (QOL) of Cholangiocarcinoma patients.
However, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory outcomes by applying the traditional treatment methods, as surgery may result in trauma, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy may lead to severe side effects.
Although recent advances in the understanding of the biological characteristics of this illness and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches, such as individuated chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immune approaches, and improved supportive care, the outcome remains dismal for patients with advanced disease.
Moreover, cholangiocarcinoma has a high recurrence rate, even after curative surgery.
Therefore, chemotherapy has an important role in the treatment of patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
One approach to overcome this problem is the development of new agents that can be used in combination with existing chemotherapeutics to yield better results than chemotherapeutics alone.
Therefore, searching for more effective alternative treatment strategies to strengthen the therapeutic efficacy with negligible side effects is urgently needed.
Accumulating evidence suggests that many natural products, including extracts and isolated chemicals, have the potential to interact with multiple targets in the signaling pathways that regulate cancer progression.
Natural phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants have gained significant recognition in the control of carcinogenesis and are considered as a novel approach in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
A large number of investigators have now reported that Solamargine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, oral epidermoid carcinoma, myelogenous leukemia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric carcinoma, renal cancer, uterine cancer, mesothelioma, glioblastoma, osteosarcoma, Cholangiocarcinoma.
Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a significant role in the growth regulation of normal and neoplastic tissues since it balances cell proliferation.
Apoptosis usually occurs in a well-designed sequence of morphological events mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and has been demonstrated to activate the programmed cell death pathway to exert anticancer functions.
What is apoptosis ? | Abstract / Summary / Overview of Apoptosis
•Programmed cell death
•Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, or “cellular suicide.”
•Apoptosis is different from necrosis, in which cells die due to injury.
•Apoptosis removes cells during development, eliminates potentially cancerous and virus-infected cells, and maintains balance in the body.
Why do cells undergo apoptosis?
Apoptosis is a general and convenient way to remove cells that should no longer be part of the organism.
Some cells are abnormal and could hurt the rest of the organism if they survive, such as cells with viral infections or DNA damage.
Apoptosis is part of the development
In many organisms, programmed cell death is a normal part of development.
The relationship between cancer cells and apoptosis.
Apoptosis can eliminate infected or cancerous cells.
When a cell’s DNA is damaged, it will typically detect the damage and try to repair it.
If the damage is beyond repair, the cell will normally send itself into apoptosis, ensuring that it will not pass on its damaged DNA.
When cells have DNA damage but fail to undergo apoptosis, they may be on the road to cancer.
However, “successful” cancer cells successfully evade the process of apoptosis.
This allows them to divide out of control and accumulate mutations (changes in their DNA).
Apoptosis is key to immune function
Apoptosis also plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of a healthy immune system.
Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a significant role in the growth regulation of normal and neoplastic tissues since it balances cell proliferation.
Cells undergoing apoptosis usually present cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and apoptotic bodies.
Apoptosis usually occurs in a well-designed sequence of morphological events mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and has been demonstrated to activate the programmed cell death pathway to exert anticancer functions.
Numerous antitumor drugs are known to trigger cell death by inducing apoptosis.
Where are the weaknesses and symptoms of cancer cells?
The symptoms of cancer cells are in the nucleus.
The nucleus controls the outer cytoplasm, cell composition, cell viability, etc.
DNA mutations also mutate in the nucleus.
Therefore, to treat cancer cells, we must first enter the nucleus.
Let the “regulatory cell gene” mechanism enter the nucleus to regulate
Are cancer cells aggressive?
After the action of Solarargine, the aggressiveness of cancer cells is alleviated.
So after using Solarargine, many patients feel that I am half better.
Although the tumor does not disappear quickly, patients feel that the degree of aggressiveness is reduced.
Role, Principle, Action, Mechanism, Function, Work of Solamargine
Solamargine's major function mechanism, role, principle, action, function, work:
When Solamargine enter,
Solamargine activates receptors that are turned off by cancer cells, allowing cancer cells to modulate again.
Solamargine modulates the anti-modulates genes of cancer cells, making cancer cells less resistant.
Reduced drug resistance (Reduce resistance)
When cancer cells are less resistant to drugs, chemotherapy becomes more effective.
Solamargine modulates the mutated genes in cancer cells and then initiates cancer cell apoptosis to achieve anti-cancer effects.
More specifically, it was shown the solamargine, in particular, induced apoptosis (target) in cancer cells but not normal cells.
Solamargine combined with which chemotherapy drugs are more effective in treating cancer cells?
A: Cisplatin (CDDP), Cranberry, Methotrexate, 5-Fu.
ANTI-CANCER | Patent protection in 32 nations.
A comparison study showing SM vs. other therapeutic drugs with respect to lung cancer cells.
Solamargine (SM), the typical metabolites of solanum lycocarpum fruit glycoalkaloid extract from traditional herbal medicine, demonstrated not only anti-viral, anti-inflammatory but also antiproliferative activity against the multiple types of human cancers including Liver.
Solamargine (SM), isolated from Solanum incanum herb, displayed superior cytotoxicity in four human lung cancer cell lines.
Solamargine not only inhibits cell growth of lung cancer (SCLC, NSCLC), Cholangiocarcinoma, Liver cancer, Melanoma, and Cholangiocarcinoma but also enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, and docetaxel.
Solamargine vs cancer
Arrows indicate individuals with apoptosis.
The picture shows the death of cancer cells.
The black and black parts are cancer cell nuclei.
Even if the nucleus ruptures, the cancer cells will die.
The graph shows that whether it is Liver Cancer, lung cancer, or Breast Cancer will cause death.
The graph shows that whether it is Liver Cancer, lung cancer, or Breast Cancer will cause death.
The figure shows that the death of lung cancer cells is relatively slow, and it will not be obvious until eight hours later.
The figure shows that the death of Liver Cancer cells is very obvious, even more obvious in eight hours.
The graph shows that Breast Cancer cells die faster. It was obvious from the beginning that Breast Cancer is easy to treat, and patients with Breast Cancer need not worry.
Solamargine derived from Solanum nigrum induces apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells
Results
1. The current study confirms the antiproliferative anticancer activity of solamargine isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruit peels of Solanum melongena against Pancreatic cancer cell lines of susceptibility.
2. The Proliferation of Pancreatic cancer cells is inhibited by Solamargine.
3. Solamargine inhibits the viability and alters the morphology of cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells.
4. An MTT assay revealed that solamargine inhibited the cell viability of QBC939 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
5. Solamargine increased the expression of Bax, caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 7 and cleaved PARP and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, XIAP and PARP.
6. Solamargine may induce apoptosis significantly in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells via the MMP pathway.
Combination Therapy | Research results for lung cancer cells.
A. Cisplatin (100μM), 16% of cancer cell apoptosis.
B. Alone Solamargine (4.8μM), 28% of cancer cell apoptosis.
C. Solamargine (4.80μM) + Cisplatin (40pμM), 66% of cancer cells apoptosis.
D. Solamargine (4.80μM) + Cisplatin (100μM), 78% of cancer cell apoptosis.
Solamargine has a clearing effect better than Cisplatin.
The combined treatment of Solamargine and Cisplatin significantly increased the apoptosis of lung cancer cells.
Solamargine (4.8vM) + Cisplatin (40pM), increased from 16% to 66% (up to 4.125 times).
Solamargine (4.8M) + Cisplatin (100uM), increased from 16% to 78% (up to 4.875 times)
Reorganized from: BBRC. Action of Solamargine on TNFs and drug-resistant human lung cancer cells 2004
All excerpted from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
